People who score higher on the scale show more ingroup favoritism in comparison with those who score lower on it (Stangor & Thompson, 2002). The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: c. frontal lobes For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. exclusivity. Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. The results from research using the IAT are consistent with social identity theory. c. deindividuation. D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. Take the IAT. "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. (b) Find the partial derivatives of the demand functions w.r.t. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. 1. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). c. young adults tend to prefer the same kinds of music. The tendency for people to believe the world is Just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. They are Canadian, or fans of Manchester United, or are doctors. What are the demand functions in this case? D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. In some countries, women who have been raped are sometimes sentenced to punishment for having violated a law against adultery. According to Gallup's polling . c. cognitive dissonance. to have power or mastery over. unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling, tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times, the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. Peoples identities are multifaceted, intersecting across gender, race, class, age, region, and more. HLT. Devine, P. G. (1989). Being audience-centered means a speaker must sacrifice what she or he really believes to get a favorable response from . Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of: Understandably, people from the first list of groups tends to score higher on SDO, while those from the second group tend to score lower. Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. The phrase "not in my backyard," shortened to "NIMBY," seems to have appeared first in the mid-1970s. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. b. exposing them to adult models of aggression. c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. If word-of-mouth hiring practices in an all-White business have the effect of excluding potential non-White employees, the practice could be called: Bill is often described as judgmental, ethnocentric, and punitive. The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. Ethnocentrism is the term that denotes this kind of behavior. If people hold a negative view of Margaret because they hold negative views about older adults in general, this is prejudice. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Groupthink: . Like most students in her school, she believes that Carson Elementary School is the best school in town. d. aggression. Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. Social psychologists have developed several ways to measure this automatic preference, the most famous being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). d. the fundamental attribution error. e. Essentialism. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: Could you feel that some associations are easier than others? Boy scout experiment- created conflict and then used superordinate goals to override it, woman whose murder in front of witnesses led to research on bystander effect, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 1, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 2, 01: History of PsychPeople (Unit 1 Review), Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other ethnic groups. The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. (1974). (Ask a partner what he or she orders in a restaurant in the following situations.). Rudman, L. A., & Ashmore, R. D. (2007). For instance, the constitution of the United States attempted to ensure that all people were represented by the government and could participate in the creation of government. People have always and still do openly dehumanize outgroup members and harbor hostile attitudes toward them. The results of this study showed that the participants more often misperceived the object and mistakenly shot harmless targets who were Black. The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. b. the foot-in-the-door-phenomenon. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. Although categorizing can be useful, it can also result in serious and negative consequences when labels are associated with a person or groups worth. Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). a. groupthink bias b.ingroup bias c.outgroup bias d. intergroup bias According to current research of aggression, which of the following statements is. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Unjustified negative action towards a member of a group because they belong to that group. Microaggressions are often subtle so that makes them easy to shake off. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. How can people learn to get along with people who seem different from them? This illustrates, Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called, Research participants believed that the Ash conformity test involved a study of, Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it's not. Misra, S., Le, P.T., Goldmann, E. & Yang, L.H. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. The tenency to favor our own group: Term. b. PPP and ( 1 at p)p)p). Which branch of psychology is most connected with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another, Attribution theory was designed to account for, Ksana insists that her boyfriends car accident resulted form his carelessness. The test itself is rather simple (and you can experience it yourselfhere). The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called, Nora, Ko, Ian, and May each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. ____________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. Log in Join. The result is seeing people who live in subsidized housing, or who like comic books, or who are religious, or who have autism as one homogenous group with little variation. Exam 1 Dr. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. c. Conflict "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". Idea that individuals pair up into relationships with people who are similar to their level of physical attraction. Answer 23:- Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own cultu . This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. These groups could be formed by gender, race, ethnicity, or a favorite sports team. a. cognitive dissonance. c. more; more In our soccer example, one set of children will focus on their own desire to play without really regarding the similar desire of the other class as equal and legitimate. Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. If people do not want to invite Margaret on vacation because they fear that she will move too slowly (a common view of older people) then they are discriminating against her. Prejudice. b. hypothalamus He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. (1998). He is disheartened and feels frustrated but is unable to question his manager. NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. Desirable? the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. The orientation of all people is "growth, autonomy, and freedom from control by external forces" (Schunk, 2016, p. 349). Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. Explaining behaviors based on outside factors influencing and individual. One example of ratee bias is egocentric bias, which is best described as the tendency to: a. evaluate one; The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is: A) consistency. That said, the targets of bias sometimes shift across time. A) Having a limited, narrow, or self-centered perspective. a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. What roles do the evoked set, inert set, and inept set take part in a consumer's information search? A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Identities are not so simple, but maybe as the 21st century unfurls, we will recognize each other by the content of our individual character instead of against the backdrop of stereotypes. Ethnocentrism. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior in men but not in women. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: University of Houston. Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo: The VUCA challenge. a. more; less triangular theory of love. Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) is an ideology that emphasizes conformity or obedience to authority (Altemeyer, 1988). Participants paid $1 more likely to change their beliefs about the task. Historical examples abound. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike . School California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Course Title PSYC 3500; Uploaded By staceymartinez1224. a. deindividuation. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). (2004). This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . Being aware of our own tendency to fixate on the negative is also important. Three pathways by which self-concept can shape how we communicate are self-esteem, self-monitoring, and Multiple Choice self-serving bias. Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. Plan a vacation in Switzerland that centers around its natural landscape. Categories . Other Quizlet sets. 30. The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like modern racism, ingroup bias, been more racially prejudiced than others and more.
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